Researchers at the University of Nottingham have demonstrated the additive manufacturing of glass vapor cells, critical components for quantum technologies. Utilizing vat polymerisation through digital light processing (DLP), the team created intricate internal architectures and integrated sensors. This process allows for in-situ growth of gold nanoparticles to tailor optical properties.
The 3D printed glass vapor cells achieved ultra-high vacuum levels of 2×10⁻⁹ mbar, enabling Doppler-free spectroscopy and laser frequency stabilization. The cells, measuring under 1 cm³, are thermally stable up to 150°C and maintain structural integrity in high-temperature environments.
This AM approach addresses limitations of conventional manufacturing, such as the need for glass-blowing, by providing customizable and miniaturized components with high optical quality. The printed cells support complex geometries and integrated functionalization, such as inkjet-printed graphene and silver electrodes for photon detection.
The team utilized a resin containing fumed silica nanoparticles, achieving a high loading of 50 wt% silica. The printed parts underwent thermal debinding and sintering at 1150°C, resulting in dense, amorphous glass structures. The process demonstrated significant linear shrinkage (~27%), which was accounted for in the design phase.
The printed cells were used to perform rubidium spectroscopy, confirming their suitability for quantum technology applications. These results highlight the potential of AM to produce advanced, integrated multi-material components, enhancing the capabilities and integration of quantum devices.
You can read the full paper, titled “Additive Manufacturing of functionalised atomic vapour cells for next-generation quantum technologies” over at this link.