3D Printing
News Videos Newsletter Contact us
Home / News / Researchers Print Viewing-angle Dependant Surfaces
qidi

Researchers Print Viewing-angle Dependant Surfaces

June 15, 2023

Researchers from Princeton University have devised a novel method for creating surfaces whose appearance changes based on the viewing direction. The surfaces are constructed from a mesh of bars arranged in a self-occluding colored heightfield that creates the desired view-dependent effects. This innovative approach opens up new possibilities in the field of 3D printing and digital fabrication.

heightfield
A heightfield in which heights and colors have been optimized in order to produce desired appearances from 3 different directions as indicated. (Image Credit: Princeton University)

The core of the method proposed in their paper is a unique and simple differentiable rendering algorithm. This algorithm is specifically designed to render colored 3D heightfields and enable efficient calculation of the gradient of appearance with respect to heights and colors. The algorithm forms the basis of a coarse-to-fine machine learning-based optimization process that adjusts the heights and colors of the strips to minimize the loss between the desired and real surface appearance from each viewpoint.

The process begins by converting the heightfields into meshes using Blender. The meshes are then sliced and sent to a polyjet printer for fabrication. The algorithm and the optimization process work together to create a surface that changes its appearance based on the viewer’s perspective. This is achieved by adjusting the heights and colors of the strips in the mesh, creating a self-occluding colored heightfield.

Researchers Print Viewing-angle Dependant Surfaces
The same surface shows a dog, or a cat, depending on viewing angle. (Image Credit: Princeton University)

The authors of the paper have demonstrated both synthetic and real-world fabricated results with view-dependent appearance. This means that the method is not only theoretically sound but also practically applicable. The surfaces created using this method can have a wide range of applications, from art installations to product design, where a changing appearance based on the viewing angle can add a unique and dynamic element.

The surfaces created using this method successfully display different appearances based on the viewing direction, demonstrating the potential of this approach in digital fabrication.

The full paper, titled “Constructing Printable Surfaces with View-Dependent Appearance” presents a pioneering approach in the field of digital fabrication can be accessed here for those interested in a more in-depth understanding of the method and its applications.

Come and let us know your thoughts on our Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn pages, and don’t forget to sign up for our weekly additive manufacturing newsletter to get all the latest stories delivered right to your inbox.

Share:
WhatsApp Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Buffer Reddit E-mail
About the author | Phillip Keane
Phillip is an aerospace engineer from UK. He is a graduate of Coventry University (UK), International Space University (France) and Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), where he studied Advanced Manufacturing at the Singapore Centre for 3D Printing.
Join our newsletter

Our newsletter is free & you can unsubscribe any time.

Latest posts

Flashforge Creator 5 and Creator 5 Pro Launch: 4-Toolhead Tool-Changer from $649

Updated May 19, 2026. Flashforge's Creator 5 and Creator 5 Pro are now in market, with the first units shipping to deposit backers.... read more »

3D Printers

ORNL Uses 3D Printing to Fabricate Canisters for Large-Scale Metal Parts

Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have found a way to use 3D printing to build the canisters needed for powder metallurgical hot... read more »

3D Printing Metal
ORNL Uses 3D Printing to Fabricate Canisters for Large-Scale Metal Parts

Einstar May Sales for Makers 2026: Save Up to $314 on Handheld and Standalone 3D Scanners

EINSTAR has launched its May Sales for Makers promotion on the official EINSTAR US store and across regional stores, with discounts on its... read more »

News

YouTuber runs Klipper on a Nintendo Switch to cut 3D print times by 1000% on old 3D Printer

A YouTuber going by Cocoanix has used a Linux-loaded Nintendo Switch to run open-source firmware called Klipper on a Prusa MK3S 3D printer... read more »

News
YouTuber runs Klipper on a Nintendo Switch to cut 3D print times by 1000%

3D Printing Safety Guide

Everything you need to print safely: ventilation and HEPA filtering for FDM and resin, IPA and resin handling, fire prevention, supervision and classroom... read more »

Safety

Ford and Sharrow Engineering Cut Marine Propeller Production Time from 130 Days to Two Weeks

Sharrow Engineering has teamed up with Ford Motor Company's Advanced Industrial Technology & Platforms team to scale production of its patented Sharrow Propeller... read more »

News
Ford and Sharrow Engineering Cut Marine Propeller Production Time from 130 Days to Two Weeks

ORNL and Vitriform3D Turn Discarded Glass Bottles Into 3D Printed Building Materials

A startup born out of Oak Ridge National Laboratory is using binder jet 3D printing to turn recycled glass into coasters, decorative tiles,... read more »

News
ORNL and Vitriform3D Turn Discarded Glass Bottles Into 3D Printed Building Materials

Best Free 3D Printable Models in 2026: A Guide to the Whole Ecosystem

A 2026 guide to finding free 3D printable models, from the 7 main repositories (Printables, MakerWorld, Thingiverse, and more) to parallel channels like... read more »

3D Models
3D model repositories complete guide on 3DPrinting.com

Revopoint May Sale 2026: Save Up to 28% on 3D Scanners and Bundles, Plus an Extra 2% for 3DPrinting.com Readers

Revopoint has launched its May Sale across the official Revopoint website, with discounts on scanners, software, and curated bundles for measurement and reverse... read more »

News
Revopoint May Sale 2026 featured image showing the MetroY, MIRACO, and INSPIRE scanners around a laptop running Revo Design.

Best 3D Printer Slicers in 2026: 8 Picks Tested & Compared

The 2026 guide to the best 3D printer slicers. 8 picks for FDM and resin printers, beginners to power users, with comparison and... read more »

Software

Social

  • Facebook Facebook 3D Printing
  • Linkedin Linkedin 3D Printing
banner
Join our newsletter

Our newsletter is free & you can unsubscribe any time.

Featured Industries

  • Automotive
  • Aerospace
  • Construction
  • Dental
  • Environmental
  • Electronics
  • Fashion
  • Medical
  • Military
  • Flashforge Guider 3 Ultra

    • - Print size: 330 x 330 x 600 mm
    • - dual extruder system
    More details »
    $2,999.00 Flashforge
    Buy Now
  • Anycubic Kobra S1 Combo

    • - Print size: 250 x 250 x 250 mm
    • - budget multicolor printing
    More details »
    $429.00 Anycubic
    Buy Now
  • Flashforge AD5X

    • - Print size: 220 x 220 x 220 mm
    • - dual extrusion system
    More details »
    $399.00 Flashforge
    Buy Now
  • Anycubic Photon Mono M7

    • - Print size: 223 x 126 x 230 mm
    • - 10.1 inch 14K screen
    More details »
    $279.00 Anycubic
    Buy Now
  • Creality Hi Combo

    • - Print size: 260 x 260 x 300 mm
    • - up to 16-color printing
    More details »
    $399.00 Creality
    Buy Now
  • Qidi Q2

    • - Print size: 270 x 270 x 256 mm
    • - enclosed heated chamber up to 65°C
    More details »
    $580.00 Qidi
    Buy Now
  • Snapmaker U1

    • - Print size: 270 x 270 x 270 mm
    • - multi-color printing with SnapSwap
    More details »
    $849.00 Snapmaker
    Buy Now
  • Qidi Max 4

    • - Print size: 390 x 390 x 340 mm
    • - active cooling air control
    More details »
    $1,219.00 Qidi
    Buy Now
  • Flashforge Adventurer 5M

    • - Print size: 220 x 220 x 220 mm
    • - 600mm/s travel speed
    More details »
    $299.00 Flashforge
    Buy Now
  • Creality K2 Plus

    • - Print size: 350 x 350 x 350 mm
    • - multi-color printing
    More details »
    $1,199.00 Creality
    Buy Now

Company Information

  • What is 3D Printing?
  • Contact us
  • Join our mailing list
  • Advertise with us
  • Media Kit
  • Nederland 3D Printing

Blog

  • Latest News
  • Use Cases
  • Reviews
  • 3D Printers
  • 3D Printing Metal

Featured Reviews

  • Anycubic Photon Mono M5s
  • Creality Ender 5 S1
  • The Mole 3D Scanner
  • Flashforge Creator 3 Pro

Featured Industries

  • Automotive
  • Aerospace
  • Construction
  • Dental
  • Environmental
  • Electronics
  • Medical
  • Military
  • Fashion
  • Art
2026 — Strikwerda en Dehue
  • Home
  • Join our mailing list
  • Contact us
Blog
  • Latest News
  • Use Cases
  • Reviews
  • 3D Printers
  • 3D Printing Metal
Featured Industries
  • Automotive
  • Aerospace
  • Construction
  • Dental
  • Environmental
  • Electronics
  • Medical
  • Military
  • Fashion
  • Art
Company Information
  • What is 3D Printing?
  • Contact us
  • Join our mailing list
  • Advertise with us
  • Media Kit
  • Nederland 3D Printing